独白
发表于 2025-3-23 13:42:17
Intersection and Resection,Two techniques commonly employed in extending horizontal control surveys and in setting out are intersection and resection.
微尘
发表于 2025-3-23 15:58:46
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botany
发表于 2025-3-23 20:40:30
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Largess
发表于 2025-3-24 01:38:55
Vertical Curves,In the same way as horizontal curves are used to connect intersecting straights in the horizontal plane, vertical curves are used to connect intersecting straights in the vertical plane. These straights are usually referred to as ..
ascetic
发表于 2025-3-24 03:08:28
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鄙视
发表于 2025-3-24 08:11:32
Mass Haul Diagrams,During the construction of long engineering projects such as roads, railways, pipelines and canals there may be a considerable quantity of earth required to be brought on to the site to form embankments and to be removed from the site during the formation of cuttings.
显示
发表于 2025-3-24 13:07:28
Setting Out,he area. This definition can be misleading since it implies that setting out and surveying are opposites. This is not true. Most of the techniques and equipment used in surveying are also used in setting out and it is important to realise that setting out is simply one application of surveying.
欢笑
发表于 2025-3-24 17:26:17
Levelling,s many applications and is used at all stages in construction projects from the initial site survey through to the final setting out. Specialised equipment is required to undertake levelling: an . with . and a ..
女歌星
发表于 2025-3-24 19:14:15
Distance Measurement,c Distance Measurement (EDM) techniques. Whichever of these is used, the usual requirement in engineering surveying is for .. Various methods of obtaining horizontal distances using these techniques are discussed in this chapter.
Headstrong
发表于 2025-3-25 02:17:03
Traversing, detail and for setting out engineering projects. A traverse is one means of providing a network of horizontal control in which position is determined by a combination of angle and distance measurement between successive lines joining control stations.