affluent
发表于 2025-3-25 05:04:23
Tactics,e and letter campaigns, and organizing rallies. These tactics vary in many ways,. but which of those characteristics best explain when they are most important to lobbyists? In this chapter I suggest four characteristics that I believe provide the most insight into how lobbyists use individual tactics to develop their overall strategies.
AVID
发表于 2025-3-25 08:02:25
,Testing the Model—Context,e surveys have been conducted, never before have lobbyists been asked specifically to rate tactics based on multiple contextual characteristics so that the relative rating of each can be judged directly.
Ingrained
发表于 2025-3-25 15:10:51
Introduction,ing, while others argue that they severely bias policy and negatively influence the representative connection between elected officials and their constituents. This debate has been going on for decades with no end in sight. In the academic arena, it is pluralists versus anti-pluralists, while in the
同位素
发表于 2025-3-25 17:21:58
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Overthrow
发表于 2025-3-25 21:05:43
Lobbying Targets,legislators—but not all legislators are created equal. Some have more policy expertise because of their length of time in office or their background prior to coming to the legislature. Some have positions of power within the institution—as committee chairs or party leadership—that garner them more c
Stricture
发表于 2025-3-26 02:24:05
Tactics,ssed below, nine lobbying tactics were addressed in the survey: testifying in committee, providing policy or political information, building coalitions with other groups, planning strategy with staff or legislators, attending social events (fundraisers), conducting client lobby days, generating phon
COWER
发表于 2025-3-26 07:21:40
,Testing the Model—Targets and Tactics, types of targets and the visibility of legislative action, so the first step is to fully understand how target value affects tactical decisions. Target type is related to tactics in a variety of ways. Given that lobbyists are rational actors, benefits and costs should be among the most important pr
Muscularis
发表于 2025-3-26 12:21:07
,Testing the Model—Context,hy lobbying tactics are used has been, appropriately, all about context. However, many of our conclusions have been based on interviews, and while some surveys have been conducted, never before have lobbyists been asked specifically to rate tactics based on multiple contextual characteristics so tha
和平主义者
发表于 2025-3-26 14:51:28
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arousal
发表于 2025-3-26 19:52:13
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