caldron
发表于 2025-3-30 08:21:22
Observability and Constructibility for Time-Invariant Discrete-Time Systemsous-time systems. Once again, each result has, along with its “abstract” version, a corresponding statement in terms of matrix pairs (A, C). We shall again be referring to the equations . and to the time-invariant system with state space .. which they define as in Example 6.6. We begin with a pair o
北极熊
发表于 2025-3-30 15:25:27
http://reply.papertrans.cn/88/8761/876061/876061_52.png
是比赛
发表于 2025-3-30 18:34:31
http://reply.papertrans.cn/88/8761/876061/876061_53.png
执
发表于 2025-3-30 23:22:11
http://reply.papertrans.cn/88/8761/876061/876061_54.png
Fulsome
发表于 2025-3-31 04:23:33
Linear Difference Equationser than those for differential equations; as we shall see, there is essentially “nothing to prove.” On the other hand, there is a certain temporal asymmetry associated with difference equations which will manifest itself later on as a stumbling block that prevents a fully parallel discussion of continuous- and discrete-time linear systems.
Veneer
发表于 2025-3-31 05:42:18
DuaL Spaces, Norms, and Inner Productsn fact, the dimension of this vector space is ., since the mn matrices . (.) (each is of size (.×.)) whose (.) elements are given, for 1 ⩽ i ⩽ m and 1 ⩽ j ⩽ n, by . and which are defined for 1⩽£ ⩽ m, 1⩽l ⩽n, form a basis for the vector space of all .×. matrices.
打火石
发表于 2025-3-31 12:20:47
http://reply.papertrans.cn/88/8761/876061/876061_57.png
果核
发表于 2025-3-31 15:43:37
Nilpotent Matrices and the Jordan Canonical Formh respective generalized eigenspaces .(λ.),…, .(λ.), and if z.is a basis for .(λ.), 1 ⩽ . ⩽ . then the matrix of . with respect to the ordered basis z. U cial form Uz.for C.takes the special form .where each Ai is an (.. × ..) matrix (.. is the algebraic multiplicity of the eigenvalue λ.) which satisfies (..λ...). = 0.
Addictive
发表于 2025-3-31 17:31:27
http://reply.papertrans.cn/88/8761/876061/876061_59.png
indecipherable
发表于 2025-3-31 22:55:24
http://reply.papertrans.cn/88/8761/876061/876061_60.png