愤怒历史
发表于 2025-3-28 17:51:32
May-Britt Kallenrode science standpoint, namely results on computing capabilities of Automata Networks and, as a particular case, of Neural Networks. The complexity results have been obtained in a more general framework by several authors (see for instance ) but they are not still well known in the conte
LUCY
发表于 2025-3-28 18:57:11
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直言不讳
发表于 2025-3-29 01:04:10
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使乳化
发表于 2025-3-29 05:42:33
Energetic Particles in the Heliospheren also be used as probes for the properties of the interplanetary medium. To describe acceleration and propagation, we use concepts such as reconnection, acceleration at shock waves, and wave—particle interactions.
青少年
发表于 2025-3-29 09:27:36
Introductions our intuitive understanding of its different states and their behavior. But moving upwards from the surface of the Earth, our environment changes and no longer fits into this picture: starting at a height of about 80 km, the atmosphere contains an ionized particle component, the ionosphere. With i
–吃
发表于 2025-3-29 12:52:26
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Servile
发表于 2025-3-29 16:24:52
Magnetohydrodynamicsfor two reasons: (a) it considers an ensemble of particles instead of just a single particle and (b) the .- and .-fields are not prescribed but determined by the positions and motions of these particles. Thus the field equations and the equation of motion have to be solved simultaneously and self-co
开花期女
发表于 2025-3-29 22:44:37
Plasma Wavestroduced. We will not derive all types of waves formally; instead, we shall limit ourselves to the magnetohydrodynamic waves, which are Alfvén waves and ion acoustic waves. The derivation of the dispersion relations for other types of waves follows the same scheme, it only differs in the terms consi
表否定
发表于 2025-3-29 23:58:37
Kinetic Theoryce plasmas often are hot plasmas with the thermal speed by far exceeding the flow speed. Thus thermal motion has to be taken into account and the plasma has to be described by a distribution function which considers the positions and velocities of the individual particles. The Boltzmann equation giv