挣扎
发表于 2025-3-25 06:23:52
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abracadabra
发表于 2025-3-25 09:24:57
Impulsive SEP Events,as luminaries of our study. Element abundance enhancements increase 1000-fold as the ~3.6 power of the mass-to-charge ratio . from He to Pb, enhanced during acceleration in islands of magnetic reconnection. Their pattern of enhancements suggest a source with C and N fully ionized like He, Ne enhance
Fibrin
发表于 2025-3-25 13:14:01
Gradual SEP Events, onset. As their intensities increase, particles streaming away from the shock can amplify Alfvén waves that scatter subsequent particles, eventually limiting their flow at the “streaming limit.” Waves generated by higher-speed protons running ahead can also throttle the flow of lower-energy ions, f
举止粗野的人
发表于 2025-3-25 17:18:49
High Energies and Radiation Effects,n space. High-energy spectral breaks or “knees”, seen in all large SEP events, determine the contribution of highly penetrating protons. The streaming limit, discussed earlier, places an upper bound on particle fluences early in events and the radial variation of intensities is important for near-so
圆柱
发表于 2025-3-25 21:20:05
Measurements of SEPs,ied in this book, and especially the tradeoff of their strengths and weaknesses, and how they fail. However, this is . a comprehensive review, only an introduction. We focus on generic d./d. versus . instruments that are the workhorses of SEP studies, and also study time-of-flight versus . instrumen
他一致
发表于 2025-3-26 03:56:49
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calamity
发表于 2025-3-26 06:46:59
History, of both SEP sources all along. Sometimes the distinction between the sources is blurred when shocks reaccelerate residual .He-rich impulsive suprathermal ions. Eventually, however, we would begin to measure the source-plasma temperature that better defines the SEP sources.
Stagger
发表于 2025-3-26 11:15:39
Distinguishing the Sources, ambient coronal material at <1.6 MK, although some shocks accelerate active-region plasma and reaccelerate residual impulsive suprathermal ions. In addition to helping to define their own origin, SEPs also probe the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field.
共同时代
发表于 2025-3-26 13:10:17
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ARY
发表于 2025-3-26 19:16:41
Introduction, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Solar activity provides the origin and environment for both the impulsive and gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events. This chapter introduces the background environment and some basic properties of SEP events, time durations, abundances, and solar cycle variations.