肌肉 发表于 2025-3-28 17:21:56
Jürgen Pasch morphology, rather than function, among various species (see Steffensen and Lomholt 1992). The scarce available evidence at this time characterizes the secondary vascular system in fishes as being a pool of blood which is low in pressure, low in red cell content, absent from the muscle tissues, ass睨视 发表于 2025-3-28 20:57:11
http://reply.papertrans.cn/88/8712/871123/871123_42.pngincredulity 发表于 2025-3-29 00:37:16
Jürgen Paschom gills and/or lungs increases the efficiency of gas transport for the organism. A phylogenetic trend towards a higher degree of blood separation within the heart, and a more sophisticated control of respiratory and systemic blood flow distribution, is readily discernible among the vertebrates. The小虫 发表于 2025-3-29 07:09:09
Jürgen Paschny permeable membrane can serve as a gas exchange organ and the phenomenology of natural history suggests that practically every suitable structure has done so in the past. Thus, the integument, limbs, head, pharynx, tail, gut, and even the cloaca have been specialized as gas exchange organs; air lu