秘密会议 发表于 2025-3-23 11:17:37

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磨坊 发表于 2025-3-23 16:12:38

The Natural Environment and Human Impactsstanding of the Earth’s major systems is necessary. The natural environment, which consists of air, water, land and living organisms, is a dynamic system in which material and energy are exchanged within and between the individual components. The system is divided into four spheres (atmosphere, hydr

使痛苦 发表于 2025-3-23 19:56:50

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亲属 发表于 2025-3-24 00:50:24

Discharges to the Sealing paint, ballast water and litter are all described in detail. Various sources of oil pollution exist, ranging from large accidents to small continuous leakages from, e.g., propeller shaft bearings. The behaviour of oil when it enters the sea can differ, ultimately affecting the environment. Wast

形状 发表于 2025-3-24 02:56:55

Emissions to the Airon of air pollutants. However, there is more than meets the eye going up in smoke. A vast majority of ships use fossil fuels, increasing a positive net contribution of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere when they are combusted. Because the fuels that are used are often of low quality and possess a hig

STERN 发表于 2025-3-24 10:00:22

Anthropogenic Noiseue that can affect both humans and marine organisms. Humans are affected when ports, which are often active throughout the day and night, are located near residential areas in a city. Marine organisms are affected when noise from various activities of the shipping industry is transferred into the wa

agitate 发表于 2025-3-24 12:30:37

Infrastructure, Marine Spatial Planning and Shipwrecks recycling. This infrastructure services the industry, for example ports, and its connected transport network, fairways and canals. The infrastructure activities also entail various environmental issues, such as land use, air emissions, noise, erosion and increased water turbidity. From an environme

LIMN 发表于 2025-3-24 15:58:44

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braggadocio 发表于 2025-3-24 19:07:32

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fluffy 发表于 2025-3-24 23:17:07

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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Shipping and the Environment; Improving Environmen Karin Andersson,Selma Brynolf,Magda Wilewska-Bien Book 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heide