投降 发表于 2025-3-21 19:21:10
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Inception, Progress and Future Perspectives of Retroperitoneal Laparoscopy,que; Wittmoser even performed a retroperitoneal endoscopic lumbar sympathectomy . Sommerkamp soon extended the use of this simple gasless direct vision technique for exposing the kidney for a renal biopsy and called it lumboscopy . Following his publication, there were numerous reports on en摸索 发表于 2025-3-22 03:59:27
Retroperitoneal Access,dies to delineate renal and adrenal tumors . Endoscopes were not used until the 1970s. Early animal experiments proved the feasibility and safety of pneumoretroperitoneum, and Roberts placed a fetoscope into Gerota’s fascia under radiologic guidance and with CO., insufflation was able to visualiz过剩 发表于 2025-3-22 05:36:27
http://reply.papertrans.cn/83/8293/829276/829276_4.pngadroit 发表于 2025-3-22 10:04:07
Preparation of the Patient,ed and medically suitable. Surgeons should be cognizant of the physiologic changes characteristic of specific laparoscopic surgery and proficient in laparoscopic techniques. The open surgery expertise does not fully prepare a surgeon for the specific demands of operating in the confines of a limited我要沮丧 发表于 2025-3-22 15:43:23
Indications for Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Surgery in Pediatric Patients,approach for an increasing variety of clinical conditions that can develop in the retroperitoneal organs. After the first urological application presented by Wickham on retroperitoneal endoscopic ureterolithotomy in 1979, surgical technique and the dissection of the retroperitoneal space were stdisparage 发表于 2025-3-22 19:12:59
Retroperitoneoscopy in Children,liarity with transperitoneal laparoscopy in the management of cryptorchidism. More recently, retroperitoneoscopic techniques have gained popularity in the treatment of benign renal disease in adults . With further refinement in instrumentation and techniques, retroperitoneoscopy has naturally foucushion 发表于 2025-3-23 00:36:50
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Renal Surgery in Adults,urgery that traditionally required large flank or abdominal incisions can today be routinely performed laparoscopically. In 1990, Clayman, Kavoussi, and colleagues pioneered this field by performing the first laparoscopic nephrectomy . Further advances have led to laparoscopic nephroureterectomy扫兴 发表于 2025-3-23 09:33:01
Retroperitoneoscopic Varicocelectomy in Children and Adolescents, male adult population. Varicocele is usually located on the left side for anatomical reasons. There are still many preliminary questions about this condition that remain unanswered: for example, the etiology, particularly anatomical factors that may contribute to the formation of varicocele; the pa