风俗习惯
发表于 2025-3-21 17:31:22
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irreparable
发表于 2025-3-21 20:40:49
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缩影
发表于 2025-3-22 04:01:38
Massive Particles with Spin 1. Massless Spin 1 Particle: Photon Wave Functions. Particles with High four-vector, .(.). This wave function has one component too many, so we will have to subject it to a supplementary condition. As we shall see in a moment, the one leading to correct interpretation is that of (four-) transversality, ∂ · .(.) = 0. .(.) will also have to verify the Klein—Gordon equation, so that we have, in natural units . = . = 1,
ULCER
发表于 2025-3-22 06:00:12
Spin 1/2 Particles, is also positive definite, denoted by +(. + .).. Other square roots become possible if we give up positive definiteness. This may appear to spoil the theory by allowing negative energies; but, if the operator is Hermitean, states corresponding to negative energies will be orthogonal to positive-ene
Vulnerary
发表于 2025-3-22 10:43:18
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Truculent
发表于 2025-3-22 16:35:17
Massive Particles with Spin 1. Massless Spin 1 Particle: Photon Wave Functions. Particles with Highsformations a three-vector will develop a fourth component; therefore, to describe a relativistic particle with spin 1 (and mass . ≠ 0) we will need a four-vector, .(.). This wave function has one component too many, so we will have to subject it to a supplementary condition. As we shall see in a mo
故意钓到白杨
发表于 2025-3-22 17:05:31
General Description of Relativistic States,ct. 8), there is little doubt that the wave function formalism for relativistic particles is not quite satisfactory. First of all, the meaning of the variables . and . in a wave function .(.,.) is unclear; as we will show, . does not represent the position for a Dirac particle, and in fact a positio
motivate
发表于 2025-3-22 23:16:46
Quantum Fields: Spin 0, 1/2, 1. Covariant Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field,t provide a consistent description of physical reality. There are a number of reasons for this. Some are empirical: in any process at high energy, particles are created; therefore a wave function formalism, where the number of particles stays constant in time, will not be appropriate. Moreover, even
bronchodilator
发表于 2025-3-23 04:19:11
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最小
发表于 2025-3-23 08:53:20
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