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Electricity and Gas,This chapter provides a very brief introduction to the natural gas industry and its regulatory structure, in which the focus is on the factors that affect the electricity industry.畏缩 发表于 2025-3-23 14:08:33
Ignacio J. Pérez-ArriagaPractical nature of the text takes the reader outside the realm of economic theory and into the real-world of energy regulation.Covers all aspects of the regulation of energy-supply with examples from高度赞扬 发表于 2025-3-23 18:57:39
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Electricity Distribution,nopolies. Transmission facilities can be evaluated one by one for suitability; by contrast, any regulatory scheme for distribution must acknowledge from the outset that each and every investment made by a distributor cannot possibly be controlled and that more aggregated or global evaluation mechani大笑 发表于 2025-3-24 13:51:01
Electricity Transmission,ansmission tends to go unnoticed. Its remuneration is based on cost of service and its economic impact is limited to a comparatively modest contribution to the total cost of electric power paid by consumers, typically from 5 to 10 % in systems with no major imbalances between generation and demand.menopause 发表于 2025-3-24 15:48:02
Electricity Tariffs, reader to the issues surrounding that task. Satisfactory tariff design is essential both to promote optimal short-term system usage and to guide efficient long-term demand response. This is because sound electricity tariffs convey information on responsibility in the incurred supply costs to the acAccessible 发表于 2025-3-24 20:33:15
Regional Markets, countries or states. Examples include the European Union’s Internal Electricity Market (IEM); the market developing in South-East Europe that will join the IEM sooner or later; the NORDEL market in Scandinavia, MIBEL in the Iberian peninsula and the Single Electricity Market (SEM) in the island ofAVOID 发表于 2025-3-25 00:00:09
Environmental Regulation,e environmental impacts of electricity—clearly led by climate change– has also become widespread and will require a very demanding environmental and energy policy, reducing emissions and at the same time supporting the massive deployment of clean energy technologies (renewables, capture and storage