Facet-Joints
发表于 2025-3-26 21:28:23
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Manifest
发表于 2025-3-27 03:09:49
Toward a Global Crusade? The Papacy and the Non-Latin World in the Fifteenth Century,, papal diplomacy outside Latin Christendom was not solely a matter of organizing military expeditions, but of giving visibility to its worldwide authority. This twofold objective explains why organizing a joint offensive against the Ottoman front only very slowly became the main goal of papal envoys.
装饰
发表于 2025-3-27 07:46:41
Crusading against Christians in the Fifteenth Century: Doubts and Debates,doubts developed over time, from the question of killing Christians, through Catholic reformist discussion on the administration of indulgences, to considerations of some technical aspects of forgiveness.
explicit
发表于 2025-3-27 12:32:15
The Military Orders and Crusading in the Fifteenth Century: Perception and Influence,ights claimed that they could not fight the infidel without their lordship in Prussia, while the Knights of St John portrayed the defense of Rhodes against the Muslims as an important element in the defense of Christianity as a wole.
START
发表于 2025-3-27 17:37:23
,Venice and the Ottoman Threat, 1381–1453,the Ottomans had no monopoly over Venetian troubles between 1381 and 1430. After 1430, Venice and Murad II reached a modus vivendi that left Genoese and Catalans as the main threat to Venetian interests in ..
责怪
发表于 2025-3-27 20:43:33
,Hunyadi’s Campaign of 1448 and the Second Battle of Kosovo Polje (October 17–20),s and artillery; and the diversity of the troops whose tactical deployment revealed a synthesis of western and eastern military methods. The battle sealed the fate of Byzantium, which was conquered by Mehmed II in 1453.
改进
发表于 2025-3-27 21:57:52
Book 2017ternational network funded by the Leverhulme Trust whose members examined the persistence of crusading activity in the fifteenth century from three viewpoints, goals, agencies and resonances. The crusading fronts considered include the conflict with the Ottoman Turks in the Mediterranean and western
animated
发表于 2025-3-28 04:16:20
,Crusade and Reform, 1414–1449: Allies or Rivals?,r-reaching reform, indeed of renewal. But could, and should, crusade form part of that renewal? This chapter examines the tensions and synergies between the advocacy of crusade and reform, focusing on the Councils of Constance (1414–1418) and Basel (1431–1449).
灵敏
发表于 2025-3-28 08:52:29
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首创精神
发表于 2025-3-28 11:07:59
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