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Ana-Maria Acu,Ioan Raşaeoretical investigations and practical apphcations. Determination of willingness-to-pay for products and/or services from a customers per spective is crucial for modern approaches to pricing decision-making. Based on the in creasing availability of individual transaction data (e. g. , scanner dataEndemic 发表于 2025-4-1 10:40:14
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Rossella Bartolo,Anna Maria Candela,Addolorata Salvatore such statistical characteristics as mathematical expectations and covariance matrices. If the system is described by ordinary differential equations and the disturbances are white Gaussian noises, then the optimal estimate (i.e., the estimate with a minimal variance of estimation error) is yieldedALERT 发表于 2025-4-2 11:51:23
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