次要
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THE
发表于 2025-3-21 23:43:10
Introduction: The Railways, a Victorian Industry,1820s. The Stockton and Darlington (opened 1825) and the Liverpool and Manchester (opened 1830) combined the essential features — specialised track, mechanical traction, facilities for public traffic, and provision for passengers. And the industry was established in the next half-century or, more ex
Arrhythmia
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讨人喜欢
发表于 2025-3-22 07:29:25
,The Formative Years: 1830–70 (ii) Construction, transportation services’ . While it is not always easy to isolate the economic effects of railway enterprise in this way, there is no doubt that the ‘construction phase’ was a major activity in its own right. Despite the lack of complete data, it can be confidently asse
NAVEN
发表于 2025-3-22 12:19:00
,Railways and Economic Growth: 1830–70,f economic change, present-day historians are more cautious. Rostow’s work has established that the railways cannot be associated with Britain’s industrial ‘take-off’, which came in the late eighteenth century . This is not to deny them a role in the subsequent stage, the ‘drive to mat
micronized
发表于 2025-3-22 14:25:34
,The Mature Stage: 1870–1914 (i) Economic Performance, maturity did not mean stagnation. From 1870–1914 there was a four-fold increase in the number of passengers and a three-fold increase in freight tonnage. Route-mileage increased by 50 per cent, capital by iso per cent, and gross revenue by nearly 200 per cent (Table .). In fact inland transport was
frugal
发表于 2025-3-22 18:04:35
,The Mature Stage: 1870–1914 (ii) Government and the Railways,s left to private enterprise. The sole restraint on the free market was imposed by the private act procedure of Parliament, which required each new project to pass the scrutiny of committees of both Houses before obtaining powers to purchase land, and raise capital under conditions of limited liabil
nugatory
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安装
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有权威
发表于 2025-3-23 05:58:45
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