成份
发表于 2025-3-23 11:58:00
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neolith
发表于 2025-3-23 14:19:44
Convergence, is the stabilization of the relative frequencies. In statistics a rule of thumb is to base one’s decisions or conclusions on . samples, if possible, because large samples have smoothing effects, the more wild randomness that is always there in small samples has been smeared out. The frequent use of
landfill
发表于 2025-3-23 19:12:02
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Pastry
发表于 2025-3-24 01:46:45
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善变
发表于 2025-3-24 05:02:02
The Law of the Iterated Logarithm,ccur, and will occur, one might try to bound the magnitude in some manner. This is what the law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) does, in that it provides a parabolic bound on how large the oscillations of the partial sums may be as a function of the number of summands.
institute
发表于 2025-3-24 09:31:32
Limit Theorems; Extensions and Generalizations,om variables and expectations, the probabilistic equivalent of Lebesgue integration on finite measure spaces. This was then followed by a number of probabilistic tools and methods, and one chapter each on the three cornerstone results, the law of large numbers, the central limit theorem, and the law
AWE
发表于 2025-3-24 12:27:55
Martingales,ole in probability theory and in statistics. They are also extremely applicable, mathematically tractable, and astonishingly exploitable in purely mathematical contexts. In addition, the theory is extremely elegant and aesthetically appealing.
Fester
发表于 2025-3-24 16:37:52
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Immunotherapy
发表于 2025-3-24 19:05:46
The reason for the abrupt decrease is not understood. The PL of the Cl doped samples was dominated by donor bound excitons for Cl concentrations ⩽ 4 × 1018 cm–3. No deep level PL was observed. The intensity of the donor bound excitonic PL increased with Cl concentration up to 1 x 1017 cm–3 and then
不整齐
发表于 2025-3-25 01:51:49
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