发酵
发表于 2025-4-1 02:17:37
Transoral Surgery for Zenker’s DiverticulumSymptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum: dysphagia, aspiration, malnutrition, and dehydration due to the fear of inability to eat or drink
投射
发表于 2025-4-1 09:07:12
Esophagomyotomy for Achalasia and Diffuse Esophageal SpasmOpen esophagomyotomy through a left thoracotomy has largely been superceded by laparoscopic techniques but may be used in difficult situations or when a long myotomy is needed. This chapter describes the indications, essential steps, complications, and detailed technique for this infrequently performed operation.