无能性 发表于 2025-3-23 10:25:46
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Brain Stem: Gross Anatomysion on the brain stem as the majority of pathways from the brain stem and spinal cord terminate on nuclei in the diencephalon..The gray and white matter in each level is intermixed and demonstrates a columnar organization. The discussion of each level will include the important functions, nuclei, a伙伴 发表于 2025-3-24 00:09:33
http://reply.papertrans.cn/67/6639/663863/663863_14.pngLigament 发表于 2025-3-24 03:33:20
The Cranial Nerves ear, nose, and taste buds), the skin over the face and neck, and muscles that permit us to speak, eat, turn our head, and produce facial expressions. These cranial nerves also provide parasympathetic innervation to the eye (III) and glands in the head and neck (VII, IX and X) and the X cranial nerv代理人 发表于 2025-3-24 07:57:59
http://reply.papertrans.cn/67/6639/663863/663863_16.pngAtrium 发表于 2025-3-24 12:40:40
Hypothalamus, Neuroendocrine System, and Autonomic Nervous Systemontrol of the hypophysis and its descending autonomic fibers, which affect preganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic nuclei in the brain stem and the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal cord. In addition, this diencephalic region with its important tracts forms part of the Papez circuit and must油膏 发表于 2025-3-24 16:55:37
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