虚弱 发表于 2025-3-26 21:35:15
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C. J. Preuße,H. D. Schulte from which behavioral interventions for chronic pain have been drawn. Recent evidence suggests that there is a need to expand upon the operant model with conceptual models found in the interpersonal, empathy, and pain communication literature. Although they each have a unique focus (e.g., communica临时抱佛脚 发表于 2025-3-27 14:12:10
C. Brockmann,H. Korbsen around this topic has approached it from diverse perspectives, including behavioral theory, social perception, affective science, psychophysiology, social neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, and clinical theory. This chapter begins with a review of the behavioral stimuli to third-person pain集中营 发表于 2025-3-27 21:02:39
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H. Korb,A. Borowski,E. R. de Vivie. Drugs act as powerful forces in shaping behavior, both by their direct pleasant effects (positive reinforcement) and by their effects in relieving withdrawal symptoms (negative reinforcement). Wikler theorized that the environmental cues which have been repeatedly paired with drug-induced states m中止 发表于 2025-3-28 02:15:17
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, and environmentally. .The rise of right-wing political parties and a decline in global economic interdependence have rapidly fuelled the de-globalisation process by creating conflicts and uncertainties in many parts of the world. The battle against the Covid-19 pandemic has spurred a great challen冷淡周边 发表于 2025-3-28 12:47:18
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