事先无准备
发表于 2025-3-25 04:18:59
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动机
发表于 2025-3-25 09:10:50
Measurable Functions, closed under limit operations. Similarly, in studying measures, a natural class of admissible sets is a σ algebra, because closure under the operations of complementation and the forming of countable unions and intersections are needed.
妨碍议事
发表于 2025-3-25 15:29:07
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决定性
发表于 2025-3-25 17:10:02
Conditional Expectation; Martingale Theory,rent concept, probabilists cannot define stochastic processes, but they recognize one when they see it! Typical examples of the application of the term are to martingales and to Markov processes, both defined in this chapter.
orient
发表于 2025-3-25 23:28:13
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大暴雨
发表于 2025-3-26 01:17:06
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occurrence
发表于 2025-3-26 04:44:38
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cunning
发表于 2025-3-26 12:29:55
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Blazon
发表于 2025-3-26 15:12:36
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黑豹
发表于 2025-3-26 19:01:05
Signed Measures,ction 2 that a signed measure is actually bounded on the side where it is finite. For a signed measure space (., S,λ,), the signed measure λ has its values in (-∞,+∞] if and only if λ(.) > -∞, its values in [-∞,+∞) if and only if λ(.) < +∞, and λ is finite valued if and only if λ(.) is finite.