FER
发表于 2025-3-28 16:58:36
Idealizations in Empirical Modelingcould be such tools. I then examine whether these idealizations have characteristic properties of tools, i.e., whether they are being adapted to the objects to which they are applied, and whether they are to some extent generic.
宫殿般
发表于 2025-3-28 21:49:12
azionale MatematicoEstivo). These texts are preceded by an introduction writtenby C. Cercignani and M. Pulvirenti which summarizesthepresent status in the area of Nonequilibrium Problems inMany-Particle Systems and tries to put the contents of thedifferent sets of lectures in the right perspective,
Asperity
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ungainly
发表于 2025-3-29 06:09:14
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我说不重要
发表于 2025-3-29 09:11:44
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osculate
发表于 2025-3-29 14:24:18
Tarja Knuuttila,Andrea Loettgersaterial is heated mostly to about 1000° C in an atmosphere of a gas or a gas mixture (pressures p ≤ 1 bar) which reacts with the surface and a film of several micrometers thickness is produced. These films have mechanical or chemical properties which are quite different from the bulk material. The f
tattle
发表于 2025-3-29 15:40:32
Ido Yavetz potential models. It is, therefore, necessary to resort to an approximate method of solution. The most frequently used approximate methods of solution are the Chapman-Enskog method and the Maxwell—Grad moment method . Hilbert developed a solution method for the Boltzmann equation as an
独裁政府
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lymphedema
发表于 2025-3-30 02:43:22
ic equations. In the kinetic theory of gases it is conventional to justify the kinetic equation by showing its derivation from the Newtonian or quantum equations of motion for the many-particle system in hand under suitable assumptions of a statistical nature. Although such justification is useful i
Dysplasia
发表于 2025-3-30 07:08:14
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