Surgeon
发表于 2025-3-26 23:40:45
Feedback and Control Systems,th it. Indeed, some would even say that every such variable has multiple feedback loops . Examples arise in the nervous system (e.g., pupil light reflex, recurrent inhibition, stretch reflex), protein synthesis and gene regulation, endocrine systems, respiration, blood cell production, and
折磨
发表于 2025-3-27 04:42:39
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等待
发表于 2025-3-27 06:15:36
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MAL
发表于 2025-3-27 10:30:19
Random Perturbations,at very complex biological systems, ranging from ecosystems to the human brain, can be adequately described by measuring changes in just a few variables. Moreover, we have ignored the fact that all living dynamical systems are continuously subjected to large numbers of influences. For example, it ha
遍及
发表于 2025-3-27 16:42:50
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Genetics
发表于 2025-3-27 18:49:51
Random Walks,dels based on ordinary and delay differential equations. Then, in the last two chapters, we admitted the possibility that there is likely to be a stochastic (random) element as well. In particular, the stochastic differential equations discussed in the previous chapter assert that biological dynamic
arbovirus
发表于 2025-3-27 22:15:27
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ABOUT
发表于 2025-3-28 03:26:38
Concluding Remarks,cLennan in his famous book . : “together, but separate, alone, but together.” However, the last few decades have seen a dramatic increase in the role of mathematical and computer modeling in biological research. Indeed, mathematical modeling presently plays an integral role in projects such as
overhaul
发表于 2025-3-28 07:48:07
John Milton,Toru Ohiranducting vortex system with random pinning. It first shows that a phase transition from reversible to irreversible flow occurs by increasing vortex density as well as amplitude of ac shear, which is indicative of the universality of the reversible-irreversible transition. Two distinct flow regimes a
cumulative
发表于 2025-3-28 12:20:57
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