拥护 发表于 2025-3-28 14:38:16
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,The age of revolutions 1815–48,The absence of international wars in the period 1815–48 was compensated for, and partly explained by, the high level of domestic disturbances. There were almost decennial spasms of revolution culminating in the general European outbreak in 1848. Since then there have been very few instances of spontaneous revolutions in Europe.空气传播 发表于 2025-3-29 11:11:43
,The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–48,A constructive force in Italy and Germany, nationalism was a potentially destructive force in the Habsburg Monarchy. Throughout the nineteenth century the story of the Monarchy was one of a struggle between forces threatening to shake it apart and forces holding it together.Ballad 发表于 2025-3-29 14:19:45
,The Kingdom of Italy 1870–1915,The sudden and virtually unexpected unification of Italy posed the problem of matching its political unity with a proper level of social and economic development and national cohesion. As Massimo d’Azeglio, a Piedmontese politician, remarked, ‘We have created Italy. Let us create Italians!’Encumber 发表于 2025-3-29 18:36:05
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978-0-333-64081-4Stuart T. Miller 1997periodontitis 发表于 2025-3-30 03:41:45
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13789-3Adolf Hitler; communism; empire; Europe; European history; France; history; Imperial Russia; kingdom; monarch密码 发表于 2025-3-30 05:49:22
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