HAVOC
发表于 2025-3-25 04:20:24
er 1 — . in the Riemann-Liouville (R-L) sense or of order . in the Caputo (C) sense, with . ∈ (0, 1). The two forms are equivalent and the fundamental solution of the associated Cauchy problem is interpreted as a probability density of a self-similar non-Markovian stochastic process, related to a ph
Stable-Angina
发表于 2025-3-25 08:26:17
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纬度
发表于 2025-3-25 12:14:28
functions. Its proximal parameter is required to be sufficiently large to theoretically ensure the convergence, despite that a smaller value of this parameter is preferred for numerical acceleration. Empirically, this method has been applied to solve various applications with relaxed restrictions on
粗糙滥制
发表于 2025-3-25 18:54:21
Sean Gordon AM,Robynne Quiggin,Ian Trust AO,Leesa Watego,Michelle Evans,Gavin Jackhe features of its solutions can be retained by using model equations. We can say more, that practically all the features are retained by a properly chosen model. The advantages offered by the models consist essentially in simplifying both the analytical and numerical procedures for solving boundary
LIEN
发表于 2025-3-25 22:58:05
Nareen Young,Joshua Gilbertan—Enskog expansions and the linearization of the Boltzmann equation. The latter procedure has usually been coupled with the use of kinetic models. These models, however, have been shown to be capable of arbitrarily approximating not only the linearized Boltzmann equation, but also its solutions (Ch
混沌
发表于 2025-3-26 01:03:59
Michelle Evanshe features of its solutions can be retained by using model equations. We can say more, that practically all the features are retained by a properly chosen model. The advantages offered by the models consist essentially in simplifying both the analytical and numerical procedures for solving boundary
滔滔不绝地说
发表于 2025-3-26 07:29:03
Kiri Dell,Billie Lythberg,Christine Woodsn number ; other procedures based on the assumption of a large Knudsen number will briefly be described later (Chapter VIII, Section 3). The above two procedures are valid in the so-called near-continuum (or slip) regime (Kn → 0) and in nearly-free regime (Kn → ∞). They are both based upon a specifi
gnarled
发表于 2025-3-26 10:29:14
d leads to a discussion of the variousorders of infinity. The material on logic covers not only the standardstatement logic and first-order predicate logic but includes anintroduction to formal systems, axiomatization, and model theory. Thesection on algebra is presented with an emphasis on lattices
Ganglion
发表于 2025-3-26 14:30:30
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HATCH
发表于 2025-3-26 20:01:15
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