舞蹈编排
发表于 2025-4-1 05:46:32
Solution Thermodynamicsemperature . by.where . is the internal energy, . is the pressure, and . is the volume. The Helmholtz energy . is given by.∆. ≈ ∆. frequently holds for isobaric processes in condensed systems since the change in volume is often (but not always) negligibly small.