atopic
发表于 2025-3-23 11:30:02
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manifestation
发表于 2025-3-23 14:50:09
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生存环境
发表于 2025-3-23 18:56:52
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使人入神
发表于 2025-3-24 02:00:47
The New Palgrave Economics Collectionhttp://image.papertrans.cn/m/image/620979.jpg
integral
发表于 2025-3-24 04:44:34
Continuous and discrete time models,Discrete time models are generally only an approximation, and the error induced by this approximation can under some conditions be important.
Entirety
发表于 2025-3-24 07:10:49
Generalized method of moments estimation,Generalized method of moments (GMM) refers to a class of estimators constructed from the sample moment counterparts of population moment conditions (sometimes known as orthogonality conditions) of the data generating model. GMM estimators have become widely used, for the following reasons:
Delirium
发表于 2025-3-24 13:56:21
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interlude
发表于 2025-3-24 15:31:22
Law(s) of large numbers,When we have a large number of independent replications of a random experiment, we observe that the frequency of the outcomes can be very well approximated by the probabilities of the corresponding events. The profits of many commercially successful enterprises — like casinos or insurance companies — are based on random events obeying some laws.
Resection
发表于 2025-3-24 20:20:37
Data filters, on one or more components of interest. Similarly, when confronting data, empirical economists must somehow isolate features of interest and eliminate elements that are a nuisance from the point of view of the theoretical models they are studying. Data filters are sometimes used to do that.
Rodent
发表于 2025-3-25 01:32:11
Functional central limit theorems,s, however, a more detailed analysis is necessary. When testing for structural constancy in models, we might be interested in the temporal evolution of our sums. So for random variables . we are interested in analysing the behaviour of as a function of . for .. It is convenient to normalize the time, too, and consider for 0≤.≤1.