insolence
发表于 2025-3-25 04:53:10
particular, the present value ofA 00 and ä 00 is x x 0 0 2 A = ~ and ä = 1 + v + v + ... + v‘X resp. x x The price (or premium) of a time-capital is the expectation of its present value. In particular, the price ofA 00 and äx 00 is x 2 A = E(~) and ä = E(I + v + v + ... + v‘X) resp.978-1-4419-5189-2978-1-4757-2616-9
Abrupt
发表于 2025-3-25 10:23:02
Population Groups on a Graph,: .At any moment τ, any individual in state a can jump to a state β∈α′. The probability that this jump occurs during time interval dt equals .µ. dτ. Jumps akin to different individuals are independent. No individuals from outside join the graph and no individuals from the graph leave it.
笨拙的我
发表于 2025-3-25 12:37:51
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他一致
发表于 2025-3-25 16:15:53
insurances at three different levels: time-capital, present value and price level. We call time-capital any distribution of a capital over time: (*) is the time-capital with amounts Cl, ~, ... , C at moments Tl, T , ..• , T resp. N 2 N For instance, let (x) be a life at instant 0 with future lifeti
内阁
发表于 2025-3-25 22:45:30
Financial Models,The . is the year. The . is any instant. It may be the subscription instant of some contract or the instant at which the insurer calculates the . (to be defined later) of some contract. The . is any amount (one dollar, one Swiss Franc,...).
我怕被刺穿
发表于 2025-3-26 02:37:39
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expdient
发表于 2025-3-26 08:00:05
Construction of Life Tables,Life tables can be constructed for any large population group. We consider such a group of individuals with ages x≥ α, where α≥ 0 is a fixed initial age. Let the unknown life table of the group be .. (x≥ α). Then .and .where
幼儿
发表于 2025-3-26 12:22:54
Life Annuities (One Life),The . (or . on the life x is the time-capital
裂口
发表于 2025-3-26 13:35:05
Life Insurances (One Life),The . on the life x is the time-capital
charisma
发表于 2025-3-26 18:32:08
Relations between Life Annuities and Life Insurances (One Life),By an integration by parts, .Hence,