诱骗 发表于 2025-3-26 21:43:07

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存心 发表于 2025-3-27 03:00:08

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Definitive 发表于 2025-3-27 06:53:05

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违抗 发表于 2025-3-27 12:57:04

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事情 发表于 2025-3-27 15:19:47

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outrage 发表于 2025-3-27 21:51:28

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影响深远 发表于 2025-3-27 23:06:37

Functors of Complexes,up . there is, essentially, one covariant and one contravariant . such that .. The resulting groups . are the .. The functors . are also useful in studying product spaces; these questions are discussed in §§ 8–12.

arterioles 发表于 2025-3-28 05:08:02

Manifolds,ly regular then the orbit space is also a manifold. The set of solutions ., ... , .) ∈ ℝ. of a sufficiently regular system of equations . (.,..., .) = 0, . = 1,..., ., is a manifold. These and other examples justify studying the special homology properties of manifolds.

漫不经心 发表于 2025-3-28 08:21:44

Preliminaries on Categories, Abelian Groups and Homotopy,apter I only when necessary. He may then find the reference in I too short, insufficient (some proofs are omitted), or too ad-hoc; in that case he should consult the relevant literature, samples of which are listed at the end of §1 and §2.
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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Lectures on Algebraic Topology; Albrecht Dold Book 19721st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1972 Algebraic.Algebraic topology.Hom