ELUDE
发表于 2025-3-27 00:14:09
Clinical Manifestations, Differential Diagnosis, and Laboratory Markerss a female predominance, with females being two to three times more frequently affected than males. The hallmark clinical feature of giant cell arteritis is headache. Visual loss, related to vasculitis of the posterior ciliary or, less commonly, the retinal arteries occurs in about one-sixth of pati
MOTTO
发表于 2025-3-27 04:04:25
Histopathology and Imagingiltrate comprising lymphocytes, macrophages and, in about 50% of cases, giant cells. However, in some patients the inflammation may be restricted to the adventitial layer, to the vasa vasorum, or to the small vessels that surround the temporal artery..Imaging techniques play a pivotal role both in t
MUMP
发表于 2025-3-27 05:28:31
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忙碌
发表于 2025-3-27 11:47:23
Treatment and Management on currently available recommendations of the EULAR task force last updated in 2018, the BSR and BHPR guidelines from 2010, the recommendations of the French Study Group for Large Vessel Vasculitis from 2016 and the guidelines of the Swedish Society of Rheumatology from 2019, which were identified
Largess
发表于 2025-3-27 14:16:29
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Notorious
发表于 2025-3-27 20:28:06
Clinical Manifestations, Differential Diagnosis, and Laboratory Markerss lead to various signs and symptoms such as consitutional features, extremity pain, claudication, light-headedness, bruits, absent or diminished pulses, and loss of blood pressure. As acute-phase reactants, ESR and C-reactive protein are frequently advocated for disease assessment of TAK. Recently,
辫子带来帮助
发表于 2025-3-27 23:12:01
Imagingt preferred imaging tool for the diagnosis of TAK and is suggested to be the first-choice of modality in recent EULAR guidelines for imaging in LVV. CT angiography is also helpful as a cheap and fast tool to determine the damage associated with vascular stenosis and occlusion. FDG-PET-CT, detecting
inculpate
发表于 2025-3-28 05:49:04
Prognosis and Disease Activitygical intervention decisions during the disease course . However, there are no widely accepted and validated definitions of “disease activity” or “response to treatment”. One of the major difficulties is the differentiation between ongoing activity and vascular damage in TAK. Vascular stenosis ma
confederacy
发表于 2025-3-28 08:20:15
Treatment/dayor pulse) regimens. A non-biologic disease modifying agent such as methotrexate, azathioprine or leflunomide is suggested as a first-line approach. In relapsing or refractory patients biologic agents tumor necrosis factor inhibitors or tocilizumab are chosen as second-line treatments. Except in
Postmenopause
发表于 2025-3-28 12:35:17
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