性满足
发表于 2025-3-26 23:05:37
Laparoscopic Anatomy of the Upper Urinary Tract: Intra-Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Approaches,sion and magnification. The anatomical perspective of the surgical field during laparoscopy is somewhat different from that usually seen during open surgery, and considering the anatomy from a different perspective is a prerequisite for performing safe and efficient surgery. Therefore, mastering lap
Ornithologist
发表于 2025-3-27 04:04:19
Laparoscopic Anatomy of the Pelvis,edian umbilical ligament (or median umbilical fold) and two medial umbilical ligaments (or medial umbilical folds). The median umbilical ligament extends from the dome of the bladder to the umbilicus and corresponds to the remnants of the fetal urachus. The medial umbilical ligaments arise from the
LEERY
发表于 2025-3-27 08:54:16
http://reply.papertrans.cn/59/5813/581288/581288_33.png
巫婆
发表于 2025-3-27 11:33:32
http://reply.papertrans.cn/59/5813/581288/581288_34.png
modest
发表于 2025-3-27 13:52:59
Partial Nephrectomy,hrectomy is not the surgery of choice. Partial nephrectomy affords long-term oncologic outcomes similar to those in radical nephrectomy with the benefit of preserving and maintaining a high glomerular filtration rate. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is an accepted minimally invasive nephron-sparing
harbinger
发表于 2025-3-27 21:42:33
Nephroureterectomy,ary and/or low grade, an endourological approach (retrograde or antegrade) is a minimally invasive surgical alternative, particular in patients with problematic kidney function or bilateral disease. Invasive and/or high-grade tumors are associated with a high recurrence rate and poorer prognosis, an
无表情
发表于 2025-3-28 00:27:11
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection,anaged. For seminomas, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is rarely indicated. For NSGCTs, which differ substantially from seminomas, the mainstays of successful management are RPLND and chemotherapy, used either alone or in combination. However, RPLND and chemotherapy are both associated
Opponent
发表于 2025-3-28 02:30:51
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection, prostate tumor bulk and limited nodal involvement, PLND has therapeutic value and may improve the prognosis for long-term survival..For PLND to be therapeutic, all lymph nodes likely to harbor primary metastases must be removed. The prostate has 3 sets of draining vessels, the most important of whi
Pelvic-Floor
发表于 2025-3-28 06:40:36
Radical Prostatectomy,allenging in certain patients, such as those who are obese or who have a large prostate gland or a narrow, deep pelvis. A history of pelvic fracture, abdominal or pelvic surgery, particularly endoscopic or open prostate surgery, and pelvic radiotherapy can also pose technical difficulties because pr
背信
发表于 2025-3-28 11:39:24
http://reply.papertrans.cn/59/5813/581288/581288_40.png