痴呆 发表于 2025-3-23 13:20:54
Johann Friedrich Gülich techniques, and as such it contains all the material one would expect to find in a course in formal logic covering completeness but, not incompleteness issues. The first item to be addressed is, What are we talking about and why are we interested in it? We are primarily talking about truth as used作呕 发表于 2025-3-23 15:30:12
Johann Friedrich Gülichy of compound sentences depends on the truth or falsity of the atomic sentences making them up. In particular, we would like to know which compound sentences must be true, independently of the status of their atomic constituents. For propositional logic these are called .. Much of classical proposit喷油井 发表于 2025-3-23 18:57:31
http://reply.papertrans.cn/55/5405/540485/540485_13.pngNonconformist 发表于 2025-3-24 00:08:26
Johann Friedrich Gülichwhich abstracts a predicate from a formula, in effect providing a scoping function for constants andfunction symbols, leading to a clarification of ambiguous readings at the heart of several philosophical problems; the distinction between nonexistence and nondesignation; and definite descriptions, bcogitate 发表于 2025-3-24 04:44:11
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Johann Friedrich Gülichwhich abstracts a predicate from a formula, in effect providing a scoping function for constants andfunction symbols, leading to a clarification of ambiguous readings at the heart of several philosophical problems; the distinction between nonexistence and nondesignation; and definite descriptions, bEndometrium 发表于 2025-3-24 12:48:11
Johann Friedrich Gülichwhich abstracts a predicate from a formula, in effect providing a scoping function for constants andfunction symbols, leading to a clarification of ambiguous readings at the heart of several philosophical problems; the distinction between nonexistence and nondesignation; and definite descriptions, bCountermand 发表于 2025-3-24 15:24:14
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http://reply.papertrans.cn/55/5405/540485/540485_19.png牵索 发表于 2025-3-25 01:54:55
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