Condense 发表于 2025-3-25 05:32:33
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Introduction,of normal matter that is in the plasma state, emitting radiation. Plasma in physics, not to be confused with blood plasma, is an “ionized” gas in which at least one of the electrons in an atom has been stripped free, leaving a positively charged nucleus, called an ion. Sometimes plasma is called theAsparagus 发表于 2025-3-25 13:18:08
Single-Particle Motions, the motions of individual molecules do not have to be considered. Collisions dominate, and the simple equations of ordinary fluid dynamics suffice. At the other extreme in very low-density devices like the alternating-gradient synchrotron, only single-particle trajectories need be considered; colleCarcinogenesis 发表于 2025-3-25 18:05:00
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http://reply.papertrans.cn/48/4741/474044/474044_25.png前面 发表于 2025-3-26 00:27:00
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Equilibrium and Stability, only make sure that the lines of force do not hit the vacuum wall and arrange the symmetry of the system in such a way that all the particle drifts .., .., and so forth are parallel to the walls. From a macroscopic fluid viewpoint, however, it is not easy to see whether a . will be confined in a maconquer 发表于 2025-3-26 10:37:09
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http://reply.papertrans.cn/48/4741/474044/474044_29.png合并 发表于 2025-3-26 17:55:14
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