Mhc-Molecule
发表于 2025-3-23 11:05:58
Quantum ElectrodynamicsQuantum electrodynamics describing the electromagnetic interaction between leptons and photons is characterized by the Lagrangian (5.1.7).
吹牛大王
发表于 2025-3-23 15:26:34
Weak InteractionsWeak interactions of . are described in the standard model by the Lagrangians (6.1.13) and (6.1.15) and those of . by the Lagrangians (6.3.5) and (6.3.7).
对手
发表于 2025-3-23 18:42:28
Higher Orders in Perturbation TheoryIn the previous chapters, our consideration of the processes caused by the electromagnetic and the weak interactions was confined to the first non-vanishing order of perturbation theory. The present chapter deals with higher orders of perturbation theory.
傲慢物
发表于 2025-3-24 00:54:58
Quantum Chromodynamics. Perturbation TheoryIn quantum chromodynamics, hadrons are considered to be bound-states of quarks. Interactions with a hadron reduce to interactions with its quark constituents. Strong interactions between quarks are mediated by . — the gauge fields of the colour group .. The coloured .-symmetry is considered ., and therefore the gluon mass is zero.
Exuberance
发表于 2025-3-24 06:04:06
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爆米花
发表于 2025-3-24 08:05:03
Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking fields are relevant. Just adding a mass term to the Lagrangian for the gauge field is not allowed since it would lead to the violation of the gauge-invariance of the Lagrangian. Therefore, a different approach has been proposed in which gauge fields acquire a mass by breaking of the gauge-invarianc
巧办法
发表于 2025-3-24 11:06:07
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NIP
发表于 2025-3-24 14:56:35
Covariant Perturbation Theorytions of a system of initially free particles into a final system of free particles. As shown in Sect. 1.1, such transitions are described by the matrix elements of the S-matrix. Therefore, we shall find in this chapter an expression for the ., or for the . between two states, in terms of the path i
Hearten
发表于 2025-3-24 22:24:32
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hermetic
发表于 2025-3-25 02:57:48
Dynamical Structure of Hadronsc region an interesting and important property referred to as .. It is this property whose discovery gave a strong impact on the development of contemporary views on the .. The above processes will be given here a detailed analysis.