Spinal-Tap
发表于 2025-3-25 04:57:19
,Management of the Nodal Basin,ectomy and on the lymph node basins that should be harvested. While the majority of centers do not perform lymphadenectomy as part of the standard surgical treatment of ICC, some authors have proposed to perform lymphadenectomy on all ICC patients. Moreover, the last edition of the AJCC TNM staging
可以任性
发表于 2025-3-25 10:14:26
Pathologic Assessment,, with the most common growth pattern being acinar or tubular growth. Other less common types include mucinous, clear cell, and adenosquamous carcinoma. Precursor lesions include biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary neoplasms of bile ducts. The differential diagnosis of ICC is
江湖骗子
发表于 2025-3-25 14:18:50
Systemic Therapy,patic cholangiocarcinoma, the optimal adjuvant chemotherapy has not been determined due to the limited data from randomized trials. Most of the studies are retrospective, small, and heterogeneous in their inclusion of periampullary and biliary tract cancers. BILCAP is the only randomized phase III s
口音在加重
发表于 2025-3-25 16:52:55
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飓风
发表于 2025-3-25 20:03:09
Transarterial Therapies,ase, but a majority of patients still present with unresectable cancer. Despite marginal advances in systemic therapies, the prognosis of unresectable ICC remains dismal. Transarterial therapies, including conventional chemoembolization, drug-eluting bead chemoembolization, and radioembolization, ca
继承人
发表于 2025-3-26 00:53:40
Radiotherapy,. While resection has long stood as the mainstay of curative-intent treatment, the majority of patients are not candidates for resection due to disease extent. With the development of modern, highly conformal radiotherapy techniques, liver-directed radiotherapy has emerged as a safe and effective tr
富饶
发表于 2025-3-26 06:49:45
,Molecular Pathogenesis: From Inflammation and Cholestasis to a Microenvironment-Driven Tumor, the cholangiocyte but also the progenitor stem cell or the hepatocyte. Chronic inflammation, also extending outside the portal tract, and cholestasis are the main mechanisms promoting the pathogenetic sequence ultimately leading to the appearance of the neoplastic biliary lesion. Following tumor fo
Affable
发表于 2025-3-26 08:54:28
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散布
发表于 2025-3-26 14:02:38
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违抗
发表于 2025-3-26 19:17:33
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