牢骚
发表于 2025-3-30 10:19:37
Correspondences,undles to each price—income combination; the excess demand correspondence is a useful tool in studying economic equilibria; and the best-reply correspondence is the key to analyzing noncooperative games. The theory of “differential inclusions” deals with set-valued differential equations and plays an important role in control theory.
SUGAR
发表于 2025-3-30 14:27:36
Integrals,uted as the limit of the areas of the inscribed polygons. Archimedes (287–212 .) used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area of a circle and the volume of a sphere, as well as the areas and volumes of several other geometrical figures and solids. The method of exhaustion is, in fact, at the heart of all modern integration techniques.
ABIDE
发表于 2025-3-30 18:58:34
Markov transitions,v processes are generally considered to belong to the realm of probability theory, but some useful results can be derived by purely analytic methods. The main idea is to abstract from the random variables and look at the transition function as a mapping from states to probability measures on the set of states.
全部
发表于 2025-3-30 20:52:13
stepping-stone to individual democratic participation in the larger society. This policy is ambiguous. In contrast, the ethnic CBOs work to maintain their members’ cultural heritage, and may at times contest the Norwegian understanding of voluntary organizations as a stepping-stone to individual par
我没有强迫
发表于 2025-3-31 03:22:14
http://reply.papertrans.cn/47/4647/464620/464620_55.png
neutrophils
发表于 2025-3-31 07:48:51
http://reply.papertrans.cn/47/4647/464620/464620_56.png