accrete 发表于 2025-3-23 11:56:43
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S. C. Knight,S. E. Macatonia,S. Pattersond research is needed to improve the accuracy of process modeling at different spatial scales. Understanding of stress complexes in forest ecosystems needs to be expanded to additional ecosystems, including better quantitative descriptions of stressor interactions. Priorities for future research and盟军 发表于 2025-3-24 08:46:00
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R. A. Gruters,F. Miedemasingle event can be attributed to climate change, it is reasonable to infer that a permanently warmer climate will escalate disturbances, causing a much faster change in ecosystem structure and function than a gradual increase in warming. Various species of pine beetles have spread across large land泰然自若 发表于 2025-3-24 17:02:48
A. G. Birdnd nature. It denotes optimization of the usage of natural resources, energy balance, fairness and equality and social inclusion. It is believed that by 2050, 68% of the world population and 50% of India’s population will be living in urban areas as against 55% and 31%, respectively, in 2011. The en合乎习俗 发表于 2025-3-24 20:21:55
n arid and semi-arid forests if droughts become more common in the future. In the Great Plains, where trees currently occupy only a small portion of the landscape, warmer temperature and non-native insects could reduce the amount of forested area and alter species distribution. In the Midwest, warme方便 发表于 2025-3-25 02:18:37
C. L. S. Leen,R. P. Brettlefrom forest to non-forest created the biggest risk for C emissions (loss of C storage). For wildfire in the West, risk assessment focused on frequency, severity, and annual area burned; the latter component of fire regimes is expected to increase greatly in future decades, creating rapid shifts in f