索赔 发表于 2025-3-25 03:25:09
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Evolution of Hypospadias Surgery: Historical PerspectiveSmith (1997) mentioned the dictum “There is nothing new in surgery not previously described”, and this exactly summarises the efforts which were made in the past for the description, classification, pathology and treatment of hypospadias. Many modern surgeons mention the originality of their ideas,弯腰 发表于 2025-3-25 17:04:58
Genetic Aspects of Hypospadiasgnised, and empiric recurrence risks suggest that brothers of an affected individual have a 6–17% chance of also being affected (Angerpointer 1984; Stoll et al. 1990). Data regarding the offspring risk for an affected father are scanty but one study has indicated that the incidence of hypospadias am北极人 发表于 2025-3-25 23:42:24
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General Principlesss dorsal hood lead to recognition of the defect soon after birth. Prenatal ultrasound may detect a genital abnormality; a wide distal end of the penis corresponds to the excess dorsal prepuce. Sonography can be performed with a vaginal probe in early gestation and an abdominal sec tor scanner in adkindred 发表于 2025-3-26 11:15:01
Plastic Surgery Principlesrgeon to see surgical problems in a different light and select from a variety of options to solve surgical problems. In order to achieve optimum results in hypospadias surgery, one must have full command of the basic principles of plastic surgery and the potential flaps for use in the reconstructionforthy 发表于 2025-3-26 16:22:14
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