可行 发表于 2025-3-28 16:24:20

The Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Links with Addictive and Related Behaviorsictive behaviors, thus conceptually integrating the conditions. One is the reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) model that provides a biopsychological framework for addictions. The RDS model argues that individuals with hypodopaminergic features need extra external stimulation to achieve positive feelin

Gerontology 发表于 2025-3-28 19:54:09

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CRAMP 发表于 2025-3-29 02:39:12

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KIN 发表于 2025-3-29 05:27:48

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inundate 发表于 2025-3-29 11:17:19

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模范 发表于 2025-3-29 13:49:34

Facts Versus Fiction in Adolescent Substance Use: Implications for Public Healthstance use, consequences of adolescent substance use, and rates of substance use in marginalized and minoritized populations. There is a large body of literature regarding youth substance use that we use to explain whether these myths around substance use are based on the best available science. For

acheon 发表于 2025-3-29 17:07:25

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Cerebrovascular 发表于 2025-3-29 23:03:23

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chronology 发表于 2025-3-30 02:57:12

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preservative 发表于 2025-3-30 05:17:40

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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions; From Biology to Publ Vinood B. Patel,Victor R. Preedy Reference work 2022 Springer Nature Swit