intern
发表于 2025-3-21 17:04:11
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fatty-streak
发表于 2025-3-21 22:01:30
Path Integralsm law to law, there is a common characteristic shared by most of them: they are all derivable from a principle of stationary action. Let us begin by examining this principle in the context of the oldest established laws of physics: the laws of motion. We consider the simple example of a point partic
LAPSE
发表于 2025-3-22 00:52:13
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altruism
发表于 2025-3-22 06:19:54
Gauge Fieldsdifficulty, viz. that of divergences in the perturbation expansion. We have two ways of dealing with this difficulty: (i) analyse the theory nonperturbatively or (ii) confine ourselves to only those theories which are perturbatively renormalizable.
冷淡一切
发表于 2025-3-22 12:26:42
General Theory of Relativityered well established since the days of Newton. Einstein had been led to special relativity from considerations of symmetry, from the deduction that Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetic theory were invariant under Lorentz transformations (and not under Galilean transformations). Observational cons
凹室
发表于 2025-3-22 15:23:56
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凹室
发表于 2025-3-22 18:50:01
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CHAFE
发表于 2025-3-22 21:16:15
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FUME
发表于 2025-3-23 03:42:02
Quantum Conformal Fluctuations geometrodynamics. In the present chapter we shall first examine how . can be formulated with the help of Feynman’s path integral formalism. The sketchy survey of other approaches to quantum gravity in the previous chapter will have convinced the reader that the problem is not simple, whatever means
不可知论
发表于 2025-3-23 06:40:55
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