清晰
发表于 2025-3-25 06:03:10
Gondwanaland in Late Palaeozoic Times,Safe anesthesia is an essential part of surgical care. In austere environments the orthopedic surgeon needs to be more involved with aspects of anesthesia that are usually taken care of by others in high resource settings.
compel
发表于 2025-3-25 08:15:37
A History of Orthopedics in Austere SettingsOrthopedic surgeons have long been involved in teaching and service in low-resource countries. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), government, and religious organizations have participated over the last 60 years, making the global orthopedic network strong.
Between
发表于 2025-3-25 11:52:56
Emerging Orthopedic ConditionsSuccessful development and better nutrition are modifying the incidence, severity, and causes of orthopedic diseases—both trauma and age- and lifestyle-related conditions.
Hemiplegia
发表于 2025-3-25 19:52:44
Cost-Effectiveness of Orthopedic Surgery in Austere EnvironmentsRecent cost-effectiveness analysis studies have shown that surgery can be a cost-effective solution in LMICs for certain orthopedic conditions.
spinal-stenosis
发表于 2025-3-25 20:38:07
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粗鄙的人
发表于 2025-3-26 03:41:36
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吞吞吐吐
发表于 2025-3-26 07:35:45
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旧石器
发表于 2025-3-26 08:28:50
EthicsEthics in delivering orthopedic care in developing countries involves an evaluation of risks that take in factors not normally considered in high-income country settings.
jabber
发表于 2025-3-26 14:56:25
Culture Shock and Traditional HealingCulture shock for surgeons working in developing countries involves adjustment to both alien cultural and professional environments. In many settings, traditional healers, especially bonesetters, are the primary caregivers for musculoskeletal conditions.
虚弱
发表于 2025-3-26 18:08:18
Coexisting Medical ConditionsTreatment of orthopedic conditions in LMIC can be complicated by coexisting chronic diseases, anemia, malnutrition, and infectious and parasitic diseases.