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Atheism and Politics: The Charles Bradlaugh Imbrogliod and banned from Parliament when he attempted to affirm rather than swear an oath before God and Queen. Gladstone attempted unsuccessfully to solve the crisis with an Affirmation Bill in 1883 that would allow Bradlaugh to take his seat without swearing an oath. In the process, the statesman becameOafishness 发表于 2025-3-24 09:15:03
Science Versus the Bible: Debating T.H. Huxleyween science and religion. Americans were divided both about Gladstone’s attempts to harmonize the Bible with modern science and about his methods of biblical interpretation. For Catholics and conservative evangelicals alike, he emerged as an effective defender of the faith. Unitarian and progressivpanorama 发表于 2025-3-24 13:53:31
Battling Aggressive Infidelity: Debating Robert Ingersolltatesman reached the peak of his fame as a Christian apologist. The Gladstone-Ingersoll debate illuminated the widening gulf between traditional Christianity and atheism in the United States as well as the fissures within Christianity itself. Opinions in America were again divided about Gladstone’sBLOT 发表于 2025-3-24 18:55:29
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Conclusionics. Four principal conclusions may be drawn about their views on American democracy and about the convergence of modern theological liberalism and Christianity: (1) Gladstone symbolized a new Anglo-American rapprochement, the primary engine, they believed, of modern progress; (2) liberal democracy