immunity 发表于 2025-3-27 00:58:35

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Invertebrate 发表于 2025-3-27 04:16:43

Solitons“topological” properties. To keep the discussion as simple as possible, we will only consider classical field theories in (1 + 1)-space—time dimensions.(Although some of the results have suitable generalizations to higher dimensions, these generalizations are by no means trivial.)

图表证明 发表于 2025-3-27 09:16:48

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MOAN 发表于 2025-3-27 11:14:36

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single 发表于 2025-3-27 14:38:14

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Magisterial 发表于 2025-3-27 21:41:24

Dirac Monopolesve survived, although they will be extremely difficult to detect, mainly due to their large mass. Even if magnetic monopoles do not exist, the underlying mathematical model is very interesting, and it has had a great impact on our understanding of gauge theories.

Oligarchy 发表于 2025-3-27 23:37:54

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朋党派系 发表于 2025-3-28 05:41:01

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手势 发表于 2025-3-28 08:55:02

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Gratuitous 发表于 2025-3-28 11:46:26

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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Geometry, Particles, and Fields; Bjørn Felsager Textbook 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1998 Particle Physics.algebra.diffe