翻动 发表于 2025-3-23 10:49:06
Invariants, .] for ., . ∈ ., i.e., it consists of . together with all vertices lying on some geodesic joining two vertices of .. When the graph . is clear from the context, . .[., .] and . .[.] are usually replaced by .[., .] and .[.], respectively.熄灭 发表于 2025-3-23 14:12:39
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Oriented Graphs,t vertices of . called .. If (., .) is an arc of ., we say that . is an out-neighbor of . and . is an in-neighbor of .. The set of out-neighbors of . is denoted by . .(.) and the set of in-neighbors of . is denoted by . .(.). The cardinals ., ., and . are said to be the ., the ., and the . of ., respectively.