MOCK
发表于 2025-3-26 23:08:58
A Formal Logic for the Abduction of Singular Hypotheses1 a completely generic way. A second, and more important advantage, is that the standard format warrants that all central meta-theoretic properties (soundness, completeness, proof invariance, fixed point property, …) hold. As soon as it can be shown that the adaptive logic satisfies the requirements
AIL
发表于 2025-3-27 04:07:34
Probabilities in Branching Structuressuppose, there are no probabilities without underlying possibilities, and there is room for different notions of probability at least to the extent that there are different underlying notions of possibility.
凶猛
发表于 2025-3-27 08:52:55
Causality and Explanation: Issues from Epidemiologyr less common diseases. Long neglected by the philosophy of science, epidemiology is currently manifesting a strong interest in foundational and methodological issues. I shall here refer to a wide debate underway in the last decade involving the definition, status and methods of the epidemiology dis
音乐会
发表于 2025-3-27 09:52:32
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DOSE
发表于 2025-3-27 16:46:09
What’s Wrong with the Pragmatic-Ontic Account of Mechanistic Explanation?ndeniable advantages of mechanist theories of explanation are: (a) they provide a prima facie adequate theory of explanation for the biological sciences, and possibly in other special sciences (because, e.g., no universal laws are presupposed, and the reference to part-whole relations in the explana
按时间顺序
发表于 2025-3-27 18:17:44
Causality and Evidence Discovery in Epidemiology It was written very much in a practical style on the basis of his rich experience, without any attempt at a profound conceptual analysis. This paper sets out a view of causality, and attempts to make the case that it provides a systematic rationale for these viewpoints, or at least is compatible wi
火光在摇曳
发表于 2025-3-28 01:16:46
Inferences to Causal Relevance from Experimentso-deductive model of the science” (HD-model). “Theory” is a broad framework of general statements about natural properties and processes. Although theories and conjunctions of scientific statements may lack causal terminology in scientific papers, causal hypotheses are practically always involved. F
gusher
发表于 2025-3-28 04:39:04
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表皮
发表于 2025-3-28 09:16:48
The Arrival of the Fittest to foster literacy among the peasants in the area where he was stationed by posting a written notice ordering them to learn how to read within three days. Those inhabitants of the county still illiterate after this period were to be shot. Had the local Bolshevik commissar (Hasek) not crossed the co
MUMP
发表于 2025-3-28 10:41:46
The Arrival of the Fittest ,es natural selection . explain why some organismal traits (i.e., adaptations) are preserved and spread while other traits are not, or does it explain their origin too? In these discussions, the mechanism of natural selection is often compared to a sieve through which some organism or trait types pas