Prologue
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六边形
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The Determination of the Real Exchange Rate and its Effects on Output and Prices in Sloveniantals. In an attempt to provide an answer to this question, two main definitions of the equilibrium exchange rate have been widely used (Clark, 1996). The first characterizes the equilibrium exchange rate as a desirable real exchange rate consistent with an ideal macroeconomic performance establishi
价值在贬值
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ALIEN
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978-1-349-42020-9Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 2001
懦夫
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Book 2001change rate policy during the transition process in four countries, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Poland and the Czech Republic. The book brings together a series of original contributions by country experts and draws out some common themes and over-arching policy implications for the operation of exchange rate policy in the transition process.
前面
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Libido
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S. A. E. Lefeuvre,M. B. M. Audhuy-Peaudecerftulated for this fall in real GDP. Borensztein, Demekas and Ostry (1993) argue, for example, that for Bulgaria and the Czech Republic supply shocks were the most important explanation with national factors capable of explaining nearly all the variation in output with sector-specific factors playing
forager
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闹剧
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08317-4ng disinflationary policy stand, most transition economies moved into positive rates of growth. More specifically, by the end of 1994 the majority of the transition economies of Eastern and Central Europe recorded positive rates of growth that have been sustained up to the end of 1997. An important
周兴旺
发表于 2025-3-30 04:38:59
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23859-3ies. The traditional literature suggests that a real exchange rate depreciation will lead to a rise in the demand for domestic output as the gain in competitiveness improves the trade balance, assuming that the sum of the import and export elasticities of demand exceed unity.. On the other hand, the