外科医生 发表于 2025-3-23 13:07:20
Ronald L. Numbers,Lester D. Stephensescribed .. The name was revised to . by Costa (1834), who recognized its affinity to fishes, and to . by Yarrell, who considered it most closely allied to the agnathans among the vertebrates (Yarrell 1836). Due to precedence of the name ., the European species came to be classified as ., and the teALT 发表于 2025-3-23 15:32:21
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0615-2aceans because their free-swimming and pelagic adult stage resembles a larva; (2) Thaliacea, which includes three orders of free-swimming and pelagic adult forms with complex life cycles (Salpida, Pyrosomida, and Doliolida); and (3) Ascidiacea, colloquially referred to as sea squirts, which is compr火光在摇曳 发表于 2025-3-23 20:16:41
http://reply.papertrans.cn/32/3180/317931/317931_13.png脆弱么 发表于 2025-3-23 22:35:27
978-3-7091-1997-6Springer-Verlag Wien 2015独裁政府 发表于 2025-3-24 05:55:19
Echinodermata,ere are five extant subtaxa, Crinoidea (e.g., sea lilies and feather stars), Asteroidea (e.g., sea stars), Ophiuroidea (e.g., brittle stars), Echinoidea (e.g., sea urchins), and Holothuroidea (e.g., sea cucumbers) (Fig. 1.1). Studies of morphology and molecules demonstrate the existence of two higheSpina-Bifida 发表于 2025-3-24 08:23:19
Hemichordata,iform enteropneusts (acorn worms) (Fig. 2.1; van der Horst 1939; Hyman 1959; Benito and Pardos 1997). With about 130 described species, Hemichordata comprises a relatively small taxon of benthic animals (.; Cameron 2005). They are distributed worldwide and inhabit shallow coastal areas but are also垄断 发表于 2025-3-24 13:33:28
Cephalochordata,escribed .. The name was revised to . by Costa (1834), who recognized its affinity to fishes, and to . by Yarrell, who considered it most closely allied to the agnathans among the vertebrates (Yarrell 1836). Due to precedence of the name ., the European species came to be classified as ., and the te驳船 发表于 2025-3-24 17:08:47
Tunicata,aceans because their free-swimming and pelagic adult stage resembles a larva; (2) Thaliacea, which includes three orders of free-swimming and pelagic adult forms with complex life cycles (Salpida, Pyrosomida, and Doliolida); and (3) Ascidiacea, colloquially referred to as sea squirts, which is comprMOTIF 发表于 2025-3-24 19:06:48
http://reply.papertrans.cn/32/3180/317931/317931_19.pngCrumple 发表于 2025-3-24 23:10:46
Panagiotis K. Stasinakis,Kostas Kampourakisr-order subphylum clades: Pelmatozoa (Crinoidea) and Eleutherozoa (the remaining classes). Echinodermata together with Hemichordata form the clade Ambulacraria (to which some authors add the enigmatic Xenacoelomorpha group). This grouping is the sister to the Chordata.