休息
发表于 2025-3-30 11:53:34
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indigenous
发表于 2025-3-30 14:57:03
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Ventilator
发表于 2025-3-30 17:49:51
Research Methodology for Studies of Diagnostic Tests,mately be used for screening for risk factors, to diagnose a disease, or to assess prognosis. In order to be able to construct research questions and designs involving these concepts, one must have a working knowledge of this field. In other words, although traditional clinical research designs can
ZEST
发表于 2025-3-30 20:56:52
Statistical Power and Sample Size: Some Fundamentals for Clinician Researchers,s, (2) to conduct such analyses for basic low-risk studies, and (3) to recognize when it is necessary to seek expert advice and input. I hope it is obvious that this chapter aims to serve as a general guide to the issues; specific details and mathematical presentations may be found in the cited lite
不出名
发表于 2025-3-31 02:30:32
Association, Cause, and Correlation,may not be. This chapter will address the various ways one can measure the degree of association between an exposure and an outcome and will include a discussion of relative and absolute risk, odds ratios, number needed to treat, and related measures. In addition, this chapter will introduce the con
谁在削木头
发表于 2025-3-31 05:07:29
Bias, Confounding, and Effect Modification (Interaction),and discuss these concepts so that they may be appropriately considered whenever one is interpreting the data from a study. Several types of common bias will be discussed (e.g. measurement bias, sampling bias, etc.) and effect modification (interaction) will be explained.
Debark
发表于 2025-3-31 09:45:09
,It’s All About Uncertainty,! We will start with the concepts of “the universe” and a “sample”, discuss the conceptual issues of estimation and hypothesis testing and put into context the question of how certain are we that a research result in the sample studied reflects what is true in the universe.
vitrectomy
发表于 2025-3-31 17:23:05
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热情赞扬
发表于 2025-3-31 18:21:35
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impale
发表于 2025-3-31 22:47:10
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