整体
发表于 2025-3-30 12:14:42
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3281-0d in a programmed way undergo an astonishingly stereotypical series of biochemical and morphological changes, the most defining features of which are the activation of caspases, chromatin condensation, and the display of phagocytosis markers on the cell surface .. The underlying death process has be
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发表于 2025-3-30 14:11:40
Cenozoic Basaltic Rocks in Eastern China, of metazoan organisms. For a long time, apoptosis or PCD were mainly thought to occur in multi-cellular organisms. Recently, apoptosis-like cell death was described in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic unicellular organisms including bacteria, yeast, slime molds, kinetoplastid parasites, ciliate, and
哀求
发表于 2025-3-30 20:31:57
of specific genes. Genetic analyses have ordered these genes into a pathway. This cell death pathway is evolutionarily conserved and provides a basis for understanding programmed cell death in more complex organisms, including humans.
gusher
发表于 2025-3-30 22:19:20
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conspicuous
发表于 2025-3-31 04:53:13
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Substance
发表于 2025-3-31 07:26:31
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36146-4n eukaryotes as ancient as the nematode .. This observation suggests these pathways did not strictly evolve as a system to prevent cancer. However, it is clear that while these pathways likely evolved to aid development, they now also play a critical role in carcinogenesis in humans. In this chapter
inconceivable
发表于 2025-3-31 09:35:43
Lecture Notes in Earth Sciencesof which the immune system is part. Each of these is an interface between the body and the external world. As such, they are exposed to a variety of physical, chemical, and biological threats. It might be possible to toughen these contact surfaces in an attempt to make them impervious to injury, as
Medicaid
发表于 2025-3-31 14:59:31
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6169-3cell membrane remains intact and the nuclear material is digested in a methodical manner. However, morphological analyses of both human tissue and animal models of neuronal diseases have indicated a wide range of neuronal cell-death capabilities. Although some similarities to other model systems exi