空隙 发表于 2025-3-21 16:12:36
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Canonical Ensembleentropy is the thermodynamic potential associated to this ensemble. The microcanonical ensemble presents two types of difficulties. The first one is mathematical since, even in the simplest systems, determining the entropy is not a trivial issue. The second difficulty is that the systems studied inENNUI 发表于 2025-3-22 05:09:53
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Critical Phenomenaous (second-order) or where the order parameter of a continuous phase transition vanishes (Fig. 10.1). Such a thermodynamical state is called a critical state, or a critical point (CP), and its variables will be distinguished here by a subscript c. In the immediate vicinity of a CP, there occur a nu冒失 发表于 2025-3-23 01:11:51
Interfacesquilibrium. In the various examples of coexistence considered in Sects. 9.1 and 9.2, the average densities of the phases are uniform, i.e., the conditions of mechanical equilibrium and chemical equilibrium at a given temperature have been derived from the free energy of each bulk phase (in the therm龙卷风 发表于 2025-3-23 03:46:34
Topological Defects been considered to be perfect although, in practice, many bulk phases exhibit defects, i.e., domains where this order departs from the one originally postulated. Such defects are usually very stable, because the free energy cost to remove them easily exceeds the thermal energy, and prevent the syst得体 发表于 2025-3-23 06:30:05
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