平凡人 发表于 2025-3-21 18:00:05

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irradicable 发表于 2025-3-21 21:34:01

https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50557-6 peaks of the mid-century, but there was compensation, to an extent that cannot be evaluated, in the recovery of exports through the provincial ports. There were individual years of extreme difficulty, as in 1563 and 1586. Heroic efforts had to be made to open new channels of trade as old ones close

摄取 发表于 2025-3-22 03:19:22

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Abutment 发表于 2025-3-22 08:01:01

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90347-7re were many wealthy traders on both sides, whose capacity to hold stocks evened out price fluctuation. Though imported goods were sold in England under competitive conditions, the merchants faced much weaker and less well-informed buyers. Mercery wares were often sold retail, or to small chapmen st

人类学家 发表于 2025-3-22 11:13:38

https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137502384ch imposed restrictions of some kind on the activities of members and non-members. But they were conspicuous institutions in their day, and had real importance in relation to governments at home and abroad. The organisation of trade, and the part they played in some areas of it, require some conside

regale 发表于 2025-3-22 15:26:17

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regale 发表于 2025-3-22 17:33:04

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CURT 发表于 2025-3-22 22:20:03

The Opening of Southern Trades,nd oil. The kerseys that went to Italy were finally sold in the Turkish Balkans, Hungary and Asia Minor (which could not be approached across their German frontiers) rather than in the main Mediterranean markets. Powerful and well-established industries in Italy and Catalonia, and a growing Castilia

Root494 发表于 2025-3-23 05:28:11

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慌张 发表于 2025-3-23 06:07:17

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查看完整版本: Titlebook: English Overseas Trade, 1500-1700; Ralph Davis Textbook 1973Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1973 English.overseas trade.trade