胶状 发表于 2025-3-23 12:07:38

subject to scientific rules and constraints.Provides a fres.For the past 150 years, economics has been treated as a social science in which economies are modeled as a circular flow of income between producers and consumers.  In this “perpetual motion” of interactions between firms that produce and

谆谆教诲 发表于 2025-3-23 14:04:50

Textbook 20121st editionand consumers.  In this “perpetual motion” of interactions between firms that produce and households that consume, little or no accounting is given of the flow of energy and materials from the environment and back again.  In the standard economic model, energy and matter are completely recycled in t

Infiltrate 发表于 2025-3-23 20:02:55

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欺骗手段 发表于 2025-3-24 00:53:42

Strukturgüte von Fließgewässernoncluded that the best general way to think about how different societies evolved over time is from the perspective of surplus energy. To chemists Frederick Soddy and William Ostwald, anthropologist Leslie White, archeologist and historian Joseph Tainter, sociologist Fred Cottrell, historian John Pe

防御 发表于 2025-3-24 03:41:50

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渗入 发表于 2025-3-24 07:14:55

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SMART 发表于 2025-3-24 11:52:00

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流动才波动 发表于 2025-3-24 16:32:42

,Umsetzung des Entwurfs in Primärcode,allowed humans to do more work, including that of producing more humans. We use the joule, for those not steeped in physical science, as the standard measure of energy. One joule is the amount of energy needed to lift a mass of 1 kg a distance of 1 m on the surface of the earth. A joule is equal to

最后一个 发表于 2025-3-24 19:34:32

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戏法 发表于 2025-3-25 00:12:43

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97143-2Sometimes there are discussions about how globalization is losing (or gaining) us jobs, or whether we have globalized too much or not enough, but for most people it is just a fact represented by the labels from all around the world on their clothes or electronic devices. This was not the case when t
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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Energy and the Wealth of Nations; Understanding the Bi Charles A. S. Hall,Kent A. Klitgaard Textbook 20121st edition Springer Science+Busin