Mendicant 发表于 2025-3-26 23:17:52
Receptorsinuous flow of information to the cell. This is provided either by diffusible signaling molecules, or by direct cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. All cells utilize a wide variety of signaling molecules and signal transduction systems to communicate with one another, but within the vertebrate eMicroaneurysm 发表于 2025-3-27 03:22:32
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Hormone Actions in the Braincrine function through the autonomic nervous system and via the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The actions of hormones on the brain play important roles during early development in the process of sexual differentiation and in actions of thyroid hormone. Circulating hormones are also important cheCharitable 发表于 2025-3-27 16:47:55
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http://reply.papertrans.cn/31/3098/309755/309755_36.pngdisrupt 发表于 2025-3-27 23:11:35
Cytokines and Endocrine Functionular mass. Certain cytokines are also termed interleukins, denoting the importance of these proteins to the immune system. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) production by lymphocytes and monocytes affects inflammatory and cell-mediated immune responses. Although initially isolated from lymphocytes, many cytokineChandelier 发表于 2025-3-28 05:56:01
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Insect Hormonesh insects affect the human condition in a variety of ways, primarily as pollinators, competitors for agricultural products, and as vectors of disease, their sheer diversity and numbers make this class of arthropods worthy of study. Indeed, insects have become the model of choice for a variety of resAXIOM 发表于 2025-3-28 10:38:15
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